• For general customers, we choose the T/T (Telegraphic Transfer) payment method. For long-standing customers, we can accept NET (Net Terms) payment, up to NET 30 days.

• Qootec accepts traditional courier services, such as DHL, FedEx, TNT, UPS, etc. If the customer does not have a freight forwarder, we can choose to ship with Qootec's own freight forwarder. If the customer has their own freight forwarder, we can use the customer's freight forwarder for shipping.

• Packing in bulk (suitable for industry customers)
  

• Gift box (suitable for retail, wholesale, and distribution customers)

• Products that have exceeded the warranty period are not covered by warranty.
  

• Products that have been damaged due to human factors are not covered by warranty.
  

• Products that are damaged due to improper operation are not covered by warranty.
  

• SSDs that have exceeded the TBW (Total Bytes Written) limit are not covered by warranty.
  

• Step 1. Asked for RMA table with Qootec.
  

• Step 2. Fill and table and send back to us.
  

• Setp 3. After Qootec check the details and everything is no problem, we will ask you ship back to our warehouse or replace with new products.

• 3 Years (SSD based on TBW or warranty period).

• DWPD is another endurance metric, mainly used for enterprise-grade SSDs. Unlike TBW, DWPD determines how many times users can rewrite the drive daily within the warranty period.
  

• Here is a quick formula for calculating DWPD: DWPD = TBW ÷ Warranty Period in Days

• In the field of computer hardware, the hard drive is an important device for storing data. As technology advances, the capacity and performance of hard drives continue to improve, but at the same time, the durability of hard drives has also become a focus of user attention. The TBW (Total Bytes Written, total written bytes) of a hard drive is a key indicator of hard drive durability, which can help users understand the performance of the hard drive during long-term use.
  

• Definition of TBW
  

TBW refers to the total amount of data that a hard drive can successfully write under specified conditions. This indicator is usually measured in TB, indicating the amount of write data that the hard drive can withstand within a certain period of time. The higher the TBW, the lower the probability of hard drive failure during long-term use, and the more stable the performance.

• Factors Affecting TBW
  

The TBW of a hard drive is affected by a variety of factors, including the write volume threshold set by the hard drive manufacturer, the physical characteristics of the hard drive, and the usage environment. To ensure the performance and lifespan of the hard drive, the manufacturer will set a write volume threshold. When the hard drive reaches this threshold, it is considered to have reached the limit of its lifespan and needs to be replaced. In addition, the physical characteristics of the hard drive, such as the precision of the head arm and the rotation speed of the disk, also affect the TBW of the hard drive. The usage environment can also affect the TBW of the hard drive, for example, factors such as temperature, humidity, and vibration can all affect the performance and lifespan of the hard drive.

• Hard Drive TBW and User Experience
  

 The TBW of a hard drive is very important to users because it is directly related to the actual user experience. The higher the TBW of the hard drive, the lower the probability of failure during use, and the higher the security and stability of the data. Moreover, the TBW of the hard drive also affects the user's storage needs. For users who need to store a large amount of data, attention should be paid to the TBW of the hard drive when choosing it to ensure that it can meet the user's storage needs during long-term use.

• Summary
  

The TBW of a hard drive is a key indicator of hard drive durability, which can help users understand the performance of the hard drive during long-term use. The TBW of a hard drive is affected by various factors, including the write volume threshold set by the hard drive manufacturer, the physical characteristics of the hard drive, and the usage environment. The higher the TBW of the hard drive, the lower the probability of failure during use, and the higher the security and stability of the data. Therefore, when choosing a hard drive, users should pay attention to the TBW to ensure a better user experience.

• Interface Types

NVMe and SATA are communication protocols between SSD drives and the rest of the computer, with SATA being slower than NVMe.

M.2 is actually a form factor for SSD interfaces, which can be used for both NVMe and SATA, hence there are NVMe M.2 SSDs and SATA M.2 SSDs.

In everyday language and advertising, M.2 is commonly used to refer to NVMe, while SATA is used to refer to SSDs that exist in the 2.5-inch form factor.

• Speed

NVMe drives are faster than SATA drives (even if both SSDs are M.2). The advantage becomes very obvious when you load or copy files, especially large files. The transfer rate of NVMe depends first on which generation of PCIe you are using, and then on the specific model. Currently, the top speed of NVMe PCIe 3.0 (Gen 3) SSDs can reach up to 3500MB per second, while NVMe PCIe 4.0 (Gen 4) SSDs can reach speeds of up to 7500MB per second. The speed of SATA SSDs is usually 500MB per second, which is much lower than that of NVMe. However, compared to SATA HDDs, it is also a multiple increase. The top speed of a 7200 RPM HDD is about 160MB per second.

• Form Factor

In laptops and brand-name desktop computers, NVMe SSDs typically use the M.2 form factor. Other forms are not very common. SATA SSDs can come in 2.5-inch or M.2 form factors.

If your laptop has a spare M.2 slot, please check whether it supports NVMe, SATA, or both before purchasing the drive.

• Common SSDs can be categorized into: SATA (including 2.5 inch SATA, SATA half Slim, SATA DOM, M.2 SATA, mSATA, CFast, etc.), PATA (2.5 inch PATA, 1.8 inch PATA, 40PIN DOM, 44PIN DOM, CF Card, etc.), PCIe (M.2 PCIe, U.2, CF Express Card, PCI Express Card), and USB (USB Drive, USB DOM, Portable SSD). For some specially customized types of SSDs, they are not listed one by one here.

• Working Principle

  HDDs use a magnetic head and disks, reading and writing data by moving the magnetic head across the disks. In contrast, SSDs use flash memory chips and controllers, storing data directly in the chips in electronic form.

  
  

• Speed:

  SSDs lack mechanical structures, allowing for faster read and write speeds, whereas HDDs require time for the magnetic head to move to the correct position, resulting in slower speeds.

  
  

• Price

  The internal components of HDDs are less expensive, making the price per unit of storage capacity lower. In contrast, the cost of storage chips in SSDs is higher, leading to a higher price per unit of capacity.

  
  

• Durability

  HDDs have no limit on the number of read and write cycles, offering a longer lifespan. However, SSDs have a limited number of erase cycles for their flash memory chips, resulting in a relatively shorter lifespan.

  
  

• Shock Resistance

   SSDs have no mechanical parts, providing strong shock resistance. On the other hand, HDDs, being mechanical in nature, have weaker shock resistance.

  
  

• Power Consumption

  SSDs consume less power, which is beneficial for the battery life of laptops, while HDDs consume more power.

  
  

• Weight and Noise

  SSDs are lighter and silent, while HDDs are heavier and generate noise during operation.

  
  

• In summary, SSDs outperform HDDs in terms of speed, shock resistance, power consumption, weight, and noise. However, HDDs may have advantages in terms of price, capacity, and durability. The choice between the two depends on the specific needs and usage scenarios of the user.